Protein Synthesis Essay - 679 Words

Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the process whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for the production of essential proteins, such as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids. Different proteins are made by using different sequences and varying numbers of amino acids. The smallest protein consists of fifty amino acids and the largest is about three thousand amino acids long. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell but is controlled by DNA located in the nucleus. Protein synthesis is a two-part process that involves a second type of nucleic acid along with DNA. This second type of nucleic acid is RNA, ribonucleic acid.†¦show more content†¦It provides a base triplet, a sequence of three bases on one of the strands of DNA, that code for one amino acid. The sequence of base triplets on DNA molecules determines the order of the amino acids on the protein chain. In the first phase of transcription, the first process of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleolus, a portion of a DNA molecule unwinds and serves as a template. Free nucleotides floating in the nucleoplasm pair up with their complimentary bases on the DNA strand. (Except that uracil replaces thymine). The nucleotides form sugar-phosphate bonds with each other and become an mRNA strand but they do not form bonds with the DNA strand. The sequence of three exposed bases on mRNA, that are complimentary to the base triplet on the DNA, are known as codons. Once the mRNA strand is complete it moves from the DNA in the nucleus, through the nuclearpore into the cytoplasm where it drapes itself over the ribosomes with their codons exposed. Floating in the cytoplasm are tRNA molecules which job is to pick up specific amino acids and transport them to where the mRNA is draped. This is done by means of the aminoacyl attachment site (the site at which the amino acid is attached to the tRNA molecule). Each tRNA molecule, by means of their anticodons (a sequence of three exposed free bases complimentary to that of the codons onShow MoreRelatedProtein Synthesis and Transcription657 Words   |  3 PagesBeadle and Tatum’s experiment and their â€Å"one gene one enzyme† hypothesis showed that the production of one protein is dependent on one gene. Francis Crick originated the idea of the central dogma. It states that biological information can only flow in one direction: from DNA to RNA to a protein. The three key types of RNA that are involved in protein synthesis are mRNA (messenger RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA). The way I learned to remember the functions of these three is theRead More Protein Synthesis Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesProtein Synthesis Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization. The first is primary structure, followed by secondary structure, then tertiary structure, and the last level is quaternary structureRead MoreDna And Protein Synthesis Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesDNA and Protein Synthesis One of the most fundamental properties of any and all living organisms is that of reproduction. As we all have learned, organisms inherit their genetic information defining their structure and functions from their parents. Similarly, all cells come from preexisting cells, so the genetic information is duplicated and pass from the parent to the new cell of each division. DNA is the term that is used in biology, as well as several other parts of your everyday life. We allRead MoreProtein Synthesis : Transcription And Translation1773 Words   |  8 PagesProtein synthesis is defined as â€Å"The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes.† The synthesis of proteins takes two steps: transcription and translation. Transcription takes the information that is coded in DNA and codes it into mRNA, which heads out of the cell’s nucleus and into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA works with a ribosome and tRNA to synthesize proteins. When trying to understand the process of protein synthesis, basic terms are necessary. DNARead MoreFunction, Structure, Synthesis And The Use Of The Protein Elastin ( Eln )2815 Words   |  12 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the function, structure, synthesis and the use of the protein elastin (ELN), which encodes for one of the two elements of elastic fibers in the human body (NCBI 1). Addressing the fundamental aspects of the protein will allow us to explore the potential applications and implications of the protein if it has been modified. Introduction and Function Elastin is the one of the key components in the elastic property of tissues found in human tissues such asRead MoreProtein Synthesis And The Proteins1576 Words   |  7 PagesProtein synthesis starts when the mRNA binds to a small ribosomal subunit and the first codon (AUG) is positioned correctly for the initiation of protein synthesis. The AUG codon then base-pairs with the anticodon of tRNA carrying methionine. This methionine eventually becomes the first Amino Acid in the polypeptide chain. Now a large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex and the reaction of protein synthesis itself can begin. (Fig. 3) A ribosome has two sites where tRNA can bind. As a result,Read MoreProtein Synthesis Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesC Jewett BACKGROUND: Proteins are crucial biomolecules for functional and structural roles in all living organisms. Generally composed of 20 natural amino acids, they can organize into several combinations to generate functional and structural diversity. However, this diversity could be further expanded through the incorporation of non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) into proteins featuring novel functional sidegroups. Investigating these efforts to exploit the protein synthesis machinery forms the basisRead MoreThe Functions Of Dna And Protein Synthesis974 Words   |  4 PagesThe Functions of: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis DNA replication: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chain of molecules that hold the genetic code for all living things. â€Å"This genetic code is the instructions for growth, hair color, eye color, shapes of the body’s structures, and every little detail that is inside of a living organism† (Bhatt). A complete set of genetic instructions is a genome and every cell has two copies of genomes, one from each parent, making a full chromosome. DNA is composedRead MoreTaking a Look at Memory Consolidation1464 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology. Neuroscience widely recognised that memories undertake the process of consolidation (Nader Einarsson, 2010). When memories are nascent, they are prone to interference and are considered ‘labile’. However, through the ensuing process of protein synthesis, they later become stabilised. Subsequently, the respective disruptions would initiate no detriment (Dudai, 2012). Historically, consolidation was thought to be the process by which unstable short term memories are transferred into fixed stateRead MoreThe Effect Of New Protein Synthesis At Prl Cortex900 Words   |  4 Pages0.05) (Figure 2B). These results suggested that new protein synthesis at PrL cortex is critical for the encoding of contextual fear memories. To further understand new protein synthesis at PFC, we asked whether other subregions of PFC are also critical for encoding of contextual fear memories. To address this question, we studied the role of cingulate cortex 1 (CG1) region of PFC in encoding. We injected anisomycin to inhibit protein synthesis at CG1. Four separate groups of animals received anisomycin